Donna Ladd

Journalist and Editor

Of White Shame and Covering Up ‘Segregation Academies’

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Young Cindy Hyde-Smith, third from right, attended a Confederacy-worshiping segregation academy opened in 1970 to counteract forced integration. She also sent her daughter to one.

It did not please many white Mississippians when Ashton Pittman, my state reporter at the Jackson Free Press, wrote an in-depth news feature exposing U.S. Sen. Cindy Hyde-Smith’s long-time connections to “segregation academies” in Mississippi, which she was pointedly leaving out of her bio (just as Gov. Phil Bryant avoids talking about his racist Citizens Council high school). As Ashton reveals, Hyde-Smith’s family’s devotion to such schooling dated back to the very year many of them opened—in 1970 just as the U.S. Supreme Court ordered Mississippi and other resistant states to fully integrate public schools nearly 20 years after the Brown v. Board decision. And, yes, they received public money then—as many still do now—despite the fact that very few children of color attend them today.

But many white Mississippians want to send their children to schools with this legacy, but not have anyone ever talk about the potential effects of it. This was part of an angry Facebook message a man I barely know sent to me after the story published and went viral: 

Now that you have gotten your fifteen minutes from the national media on your pitiful hit piece on Cindy Hyde-Smith’s educational pedigree (keep in mind that I think CHS is a moron, I won’t be voting for her, and I think the 2nd Amendment should be repealed), I want to pass along my feelings it was unwarranted. She was sent to a school by her parents (not her fault) and then sent her children to a school that (like the VAST majority of private schools) is superior to the local public school.

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It’s Up to White People to Confront Racism, White Supremacy

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Bob Fuller, a lifelong Mississippian, (left) is quick to admit he was raised white supremacist. He is pictured here with Robert Brown, a Mississippi barber and activist against racism and the Confederate flag, after a dialogue about structural racism for The Guardian. Photo by Delreco Harris

Fact: White people in America, and beyond, are raised in white-supremacist cultures. Some are lucky enough to grow up in households fighting that socialization and become part of the solution. But many are not. Many of us have to, first, acknowledge the racist machinations of our families, childhoods and communities—and then we have to do the hard work to change it and to understand the full breadth of racism, far beyond interpersonal reactions. Being well-meaning simply isn’t enough; being arrogant enough to think you’re above it—looking at many of you progressives here—is especially unacceptable.

When my Guardian editor, the wonderful Jessica Reed, read my final draft of my profile of Benny Ivey, a former white-gang leader in Mississippi who decided after two decades in prison to change his life, she was struck that he had taken his Confederate flag down by the time our (black) photographer visited so he wouldn’t hurt him. She then asked me to interview Mississippians who still like the Confederate flag, which I did, also factchecking their reasons. After that piece published, a black Mississippi friend told me I should interview white Mississippians who had changed their views. Jess immediately gave me the go-ahead, understanding that while we need to interrogate the reasoning behind Confederacy fandom, we also need to spotlight people who have confronted the racism they were taught, which I did here for The Guardian.

It might surprise people to know that it took me less than 24 hours to find multiple white people who were ready to talk to me about their journey from what I call their “racial miseducation”—often through revisionist “lost cause”-filled textbooks—and/or oblivious upbringings, in one way or another. I grew up in Mississippi, and after I returned from exile 17 years ago, I started a newspaper that has explored racism in its various forms deeply here, building trust and a wide and diverse network of people that, frankly, national media often do not know exist or how to talk to. They end up missing from the national narrative.

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‘For Use in Schools’: Inside Larry McCluney Jr.’s 1900 Mississippi Textbook

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A photo of the title page of teacher Larry McCluney Jr.’s prized textbook—from 1900.

When Kate Medley and I visited Larry McCluney Jr. in his Greenwood home for our Guardian story on people who like or fly the Confederate flag, the Sons of Confederate Veterans officer mentioned his favorite Mississippi history textbook several times. After the interview, he showed us his worn copy of the 1900 textbook, “A History of Mississippi: For Use in Schools” by Robert Lowry and William H. McCardle published by University Publishing Company of New York and New Orleans. McCluney now teaches history to mostly black students in Greenwood High School and at a Delta community college, both of them public.

I was immediately skeptical that a 1900 textbook about Mississippi would give an accurate depiction of the South’s reasons for secession, fighting the Civil War and what really happened during Reconstruction, knowing full well that my textbooks in the 1970s in Mississippi didn’t. I confirmed that suspicion when I poked into the book later and read up on its writers and critiques of it.

First, the authors. Charles W. Eagles reports in “Civil Rights, Culture Wars: The Fight over a Mississippi Textbook” that Lowry—who then lived in Brandon, Miss., and later Jackson—was wounded in the Battle of Shiloh during the Civil War and rose to the rank of general. Later, he served in the Legislature and two terms as governor.  McCardle was the editor of the Vicksburg Times newspaper who was jailed for sedition for criticizing Congress and the way a local Union military commander was conducting Reconstruction in Mississippi. He was denied the benefit of habeas corpus in the Ex Parte McCardle case.

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